Oral History Interview with Philip G. Solomon
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Date
Contributor
Summary
Philip G. Solomon served in the United States Army, in the 101st Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron Mechanized, which liberated the Landsberg concentration camp on April 28, 1945. He describes his unit’s arrival in Germany in February/March 1945, emphasizing their military mission and their lack of knowledge of concentration camps or the scale of mass murder. His first indication of Nazi horrors occurred after crossing the Rhine, heading east, when his unit captured small towns, liberating displaced persons from forced labor camps (mostly Eastern Europeans). His second indication came when liberating several prisoner of war camps. He details the ominous experience of finding sealed railroad cars on a siding filled with dead concentration camp victims. On April 28, 1945, his unit stopped near the city Landsberg, waiting for a bridge to be repaired and unaware of the camp 1000 yards away. A shift in the wind eventually alerted them to the smell, and sight of smoke from the camp where retreating S.S. had just massacred the inmates. The unit found about 20 starving and ill survivors. He details the conditions of the camp and his feelings upon seeing the massive piles of bodies, hangings and other atrocities. The unit had no food or medical supplies and could only radio for help. They were commanded to leave Landsberg after 20 minutes in order to seize and hold a causeway near Munich.
He describes in detail the reactions of prisoners to liberation, the response of the young soldiers to the dual experience of witnessing the atrocities in the midst of war, and his own complex and gradually evolving psychological reaction to this experience. He stresses his concern about ongoing genocides since World War II. And he affirms his faith and pride in his Jewish heritage.
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Note: Collateral Material available through the Gratz College Tuttleman Library are photocopies of these German documents:
Certificate for Raoul
Harmelin
that he can walk in the street unaccompanied by an Aryan.
The same document for his father, Dr. Elkan
Harmelin
.
Work I.D. Card for Raoul
Harmelin
.
I.D. Card for Regina
Harmelin
, his mother.
Tags with letter "R" which indicated that Raoul
Harmelin
and his parents were assigned to a work detail.
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Recorded at the 1985 American Gathering of Holocaust Survivors in Philadelphia, PA.